Discovering the specific Linux distribution and version running on your system is crucial, whether you’re troubleshooting, preparing for an upgrade, or simply curious about your operating environment. There are several commands and files within the Linux system that can help you accurately identify your distro’s details. Here’s a streamlined guide designed for every Linux user, from beginners to system administrators.
Understanding Your Linux Environment
Before diving into the commands, it’s essential to know why this information can be vital. Knowing the exact version of your Linux distribution helps in:
- Ensuring compatibility with software or hardware.
- Applying the correct patches and updates.
- Receiving the right support and documentation.
Here’s how you can find out what Linux version you’re running using various methods:
Method 1: Using the /etc/*-release File
This method is the simplest and most straightforward way to identify your Linux distribution and version. It involves a file that generally holds the release information of the distro. To view this information, execute the following command in your terminal:
cat /etc/*-release
Sample output from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux server:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Tikanga)
Sample outputs from an Ubuntu server:
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=7.10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=gutsy
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 7.10"
Method 2: Using the lsb_release Command
For those who need more detailed information, the lsb_release command comes in handy. It provides specific details as defined by the Linux Standard Base (LSB). Execute this command to see a range of details about your distribution:
lsb_release -a
Sample outputs from Debian:
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 6.0.1 (squeeze)
Release: 6.0.1
Codename: squeeze
And from an Ubuntu system:
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal
Method 3: Using hostnamectl Command
For systems with systemd, hostnamectl is an efficient way to find out about your Linux distribution along with other system details:
hostnamectl
This command will display not just the version and name of the distribution, but also the hostname and other system-related information.